Oboogie wrote: ↑Fri Jun 07, 2024 11:53 am
Youngian wrote: ↑Fri Jun 07, 2024 7:12 am
That D Day dodgers song is an unfortunate side effect of a national media policy to only print upbeat news. The Italian campaign was an horrendous struggle.
The phrase "D-Day Dodgers" was coined by Lady Nancy Astor MP who did indeed "talk a load of piss". It was an outrageous slur on the men fighting in Italy, as you say a very bloody campaign, implying they were somehow cowardly for not being in Normandy - as if they even had a choice as to where her government sent them!
However the downplaying of the Italian campaign it didn't start with Astor, or even the media. Witness Overlord being referred to as "The Second Front". I'm not sure who coined the phrase - possibly Stalin? - but it dates back to 1942 and Soviet demands for the Western Allies to relieve pressure on the USSR by engaging German land forces. This completely ignored the fact that the ground war in North Africa and the Mediterranean Theatre preceded Barbarossa by over a year. The Eastern Front was the Second Front, Normandy was the Third. Not opinion, just counting.
Apologies for the rant. Blame my father who, after two and a half years fighting in North Africa, was surprised to learn that they were returning to the UK to prepare for "the opening of The Second Front". He never forgave that slight.
Apologies, long.
Hindsight (ie reading actual records from all engaged nations) reveals several things about the Italian campaign.
* Stalin was extremely keen for the western allies to open a second front. Landing in France wasn't feasible at this time.
* The allies had secured victory in North Africa, providing a handy jump-off for a southern invasion.
* An Italian landing (with Italian american [including Mafia] diplomacy) was seen as a potential way to dislocate the German Italian alliance.
* The US Army Airforce had already identified airfield sites around Foggia. These would could stage bombing missions against Bavarian and Austrian aircraft works and Romanian airfields, saving an extreme range trip form England).
All these points are grand strategy - weaken the enemy and strike at their logistics.
Allied analysts also sensed that the Germans were running short on almost everything (But so were the USSR).
The Italian front would divert enemy divisions form the east, providing the red army a little respite to re-equip and organise an offensive.
Now the downsides.
* Italy isn't all flat beaches and vineyards, much is prime defensive terrain, and the place was a bastard to fight through.
* Many of the troops had fought a long campaign in North Africa and had been promised a trip home for leave. This never materialised and various small mutinies occurred. These were pacified, and the Commonwealth troops in Italy were subject to a relatively consensual command regime afterwards.
* Italy did leave the Axis, but before the allies could exploit this, their troops were disarmed by, and replaced by hardcore and ideological German veterans. Some massacres of Italians followed.
* It's undeniable that the Germans put up a stiffer fight than Italians would have.
* The practical benefits of the Italian campaign were diverting a chunk of Germany's strategic reserve, and providing air power from the south of Europe.